POTENSI WAKAF BERTEMPOH DALAM MEMPERKASA EKONOMI DI MALAYSIA

POTENTIAL OF TEMPORARY WAQF IN EMPOWERING THE ECONOMY IN MALAYSIA

الملخص

Waqf is an Islamic social finance instrument that has long played a significant role in the socio-economic development of the Muslim community through the provision of education, healthcare, and social welfare. However, the implementation of waqf in Malaysia has generally remained concentrated on permanent waqf, which is long-term in nature and relatively inflexible in addressing the dynamic demands of the contemporary economy. In line with current economic challenges such as rising living costs, unequal access to economic opportunities, and the need for temporary and responsive financing mechanisms, the concept of temporary waqf (waqf muʿaqqat) has emerged as a promising alternative. Temporary waqf refers to the endowment of assets or funds for a specified period and for a particular purpose, after which the assets may be returned to the donor or reassigned in accordance with Sharīʿah agreements. This article aims to explore the potential of temporary waqf in strengthening Malaysia’s economy, particularly within the framework of Ekonomi Madani, which emphasises public well-being, social justice, economic inclusivity, and sustainable development. Employing a conceptual research approach and document analysis, the article argues that temporary waqf offers several advantages, including greater financing flexibility, adaptability to short-term needs, and the capacity to encourage broader societal participation, including among the B40 group, micro-entrepreneurs, younger generations, and the corporate sector. Conceptual findings indicate that the integration of temporary waqf into the Islamic social finance ecosystem has the potential to enhance national economic resilience by providing a financing mechanism that is more responsive, inclusive, and value-driven, in line with the aspirations of Ekonomi Madani in Malaysia.

Abstrak

Wakaf merupakan instrumen kewangan sosial Islam yang berperanan dalam pembangunan sosioekonomi umat melalui pendidikan, kesihatan dan kebajikan masyarakat. Namun, pelaksanaan wakaf di Malaysia secara umumnya masih tertumpu kepada wakaf kekal yang bersifat jangka panjang dan kurang fleksibel dalam menangani keperluan ekonomi semasa yang dinamik. Seiring dengan cabaran ekonomi kontemporari seperti peningkatan kos sara hidup, ketidaksamaan akses kepada peluang ekonomi serta keperluan pembiayaan bersifat sementara dan pantas konsep wakaf bertempoh (waqf muʿaqqat) muncul sebagai alternatif yang berpotensi. Wakaf bertempoh merujuk kepada pewakafan aset atau dana untuk tempoh masa tertentu yang selepas tamat tempoh tersebut boleh dikembalikan kepada pewakaf atau ditentukan semula penggunaannya mengikut persetujuan syarak. Artikel ini bertujuan meneroka potensi wakaf bertempoh dalam memperkasa ekonomi Malaysia, khususnya dalam konteks kerangka Ekonomi Madani yang menekankan prinsip kesejahteraan rakyat, keadilan sosial, keterangkuman ekonomi dan kelestarian pembangunan. Melalui pendekatan kajian konseptual dan analisis dokumen, artikel ini mengetengahkan bahawa wakaf bertempoh menawarkan kelebihan dari segi fleksibiliti pembiayaan, kebolehsuaian terhadap keperluan jangka pendek serta keupayaan menggalakkan penyertaan masyarakat secara lebih luas termasuk golongan B40, usahawan mikro, generasi muda dan sektor korporat. Dapatan konseptual menunjukkan bahawa integrasi wakaf bertempoh dalam ekosistem kewangan sosial Islam mampu memperkukuh daya tahan ekonomi negara melalui mekanisme pembiayaan yang lebih responsif, inklusif dan berteraskan nilai yang selari dengan aspirasi Ekonomi Madani di Malaysia.