UNIFIKASI KALENDAR ISLAM GLOBAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF USUL FIQH

THE UNIFICATION OF GLOBAL ISLAMIC CALENDAR IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF USUL FIQH

Abstract

The unification of the global Islamic calendar is the hope of Muslims as an effort to standardize the beginning of the month in the Hijrah calendar. Various efforts have been made to unify views and approaches in the method of determining the beginning of the Islamic month and eliminate the differences that occur between Islamic countries. This happens due to differences in determining the beginning of the Islamic month through two (2) different methods, namely the rukyah and hisab methods. This article will discuss the Usul Fiqh method as a basis and reference to clarify the causes of differences that occur, and it can be used as a guide to unravel the issue of differences. Among the methods that can be referred to is the method: "Law depends on 'illat' (Al-Hukm Yaduru Ma'a 'illatihi Wujudan wa 'Adaman), in addition to other fiqh principles such as those related to Dilalat al-Isyarah, Al-' Illat al-Gha'iyyah (Maqasid Syariah), and also Taghayyur al-Ahkam Bi Taghayyur al-Zaman. The research methodology used in examining this issue is based on a literature review by collecting primary and secondary data on the issue of rukyat al-hilal and the determination of the beginning of the Hijrah month, as well as some related Usul Fiqh methods, then analyzing these issues based on analysis and comparison studies. The study found that understanding the law of an issue by referring to the text (dalil) based on the context (meaning) with it is important. Based on this study, it was also found that efforts to unify the determination of the beginning of the Hijrah month or the unification of the Islamic calendar among Muslims around the world cannot be done except by accepting the Hisab (calculation of astronomy) method and not Rukyah as used the calculation method in determining daily prayer times.

Abstrak

Wujudnya penyatuan (unifikasi) kalendar Islam global menjadi harapan umat Islam sebagai upaya menyeragamkan permulaan bulan dalam kalendar Hijrah. Pelbagai usaha telah dilakukan untuk menyatukan pandangan dan pendekatan dalam kaedah menentukan permulaan bulan Islam serta menghapuskan perbezaan yang berlaku di antara negara-negara Islam. Ini berlaku disebabkan perbezaan dalam menentukan awal bulan Islam menerusi dua (2) kaedah yang berlainan, iaitu kaedah rukyah dan hisab. Artikel ini akan membincangkan kaedah Usul Fiqh sebagai landasan dan rujukan bagi merungkai punca perbezaan yang berlaku dan boleh dijadikan panduan bagi merungkai isu perbezaan tersebut. Diantara kaedah yang boleh dirujuk adalah kaedah: “Hukum bergantung kepada ‘illat’ (Al-Hukm Yaduru Ma’a ‘illatihi Wujudan wa ‘Adaman), disamping prinsip-prinsip usul fiqh lain seperti yang berkaitan dengan Dilalat al-Isyarah, Al-‘Illat al-Gha’iyyah (Maqasid Syariah), dan juga Taghayyur al-Ahkam Bi Taghayyur al-Zaman. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam mengupas isu ini adalah berdasarkan kajian kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan data-data premier dan sekunder tentang isu rukyat al-hilal dan penentuan permulaan bulan Hijrah, serta kaedah Usul Fiqh yang berkaitan, seterusnya menganalisa isu-isu ini berdasarkan kajian analisa dan perbandingan. Kajian mendapati bahawa memahami hukum suatu permasalahan dengan merujuk teks (nas) berdasarkan konteks (makna) bersamanya adalah penting. Berdasarkan kajian ini juga didapati bahawa usaha menyatukan penetapan permulaan awal bulan Hijrah atau unifikasi kalendar islam di kalangan umat islam seluruh dunia tidak dapat dilakukan kecuali dengan menerima kaedah hisab dan bukan rukyah seperti mana dalam menggunakan kaedah hisab untuk menentukan waktu-waktu solat.