KAJIAN LITERATUR: HUKUM PEMAKANAN SERANGGA DALAM ISLAM

LITERATURE REVIEW: THE ISLAMIC RULING ON THE CONSUMPTION OF INSECTS

Abstract

This study examines classical and contemporary scholarly discussions on the permissibility of consuming insects in Islam, focusing on foundational concepts such as hasharah, khaba’ith, jallalah, and maytah. The literature indicates that, although Muslim scholars agree that anything classified as khaba’ith is prohibited, there is no clear consensus regarding whether insects fall entirely within this category. Differences among the four Sunni schools of law reveal diverse approaches, ranging from total prohibition of insects to conditional permissibility when they are beneficial, safe, and culturally accepted. The study further explores contemporary issues related to Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) and Carmine (E120), alongside recent fatwas issued by various halal authorities. Findings show that the legal status of insects depends largely on whether they are considered khaba’ith or tayyib, as well as factors such as cleanliness, potential harm, cultural norms, and intended use. The paper highlights the need for continued research to clarify fiqh terminology and its implications for insect-based products in the modern food industry.

Abstrak

Kajian ini meneliti perbincangan klasik dan kontemporari berkaitan hukum pemakanan serangga dalam Islam dengan memberi tumpuan kepada konsep-konsep asas seperti hasharah, khaba’ith, jallalah dan maytah. Literatur menunjukkan bahawa walaupun terdapat kesepakatan ulama mengenai pengharaman segala yang tergolong dalam kategori khaba’ith, tidak wujud kesepakatan jelas mengenai pengkategorian serangga secara khusus. Perbincangan dalam kalangan empat mazhab Sunni memperlihatkan perbezaan pendekatan, bermula daripada pandangan yang mengharamkan semua jenis serangga hinggalah yang mengharuskannya jika terbukti bermanfaat, selamat dan diterima masyarakat. Kajian turut membincangkan isu kontemporari berkaitan larva lalat askar hitam (BSFL) dan pewarna Carmine (E120), serta analisis fatwa-fatwa semasa daripada pelbagai autoriti halal. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penentuan hukum serangga bergantung kepada sifatnya sama ada dianggap khaba’ith atau tayyib, selain faktor kebersihan, kemudaratan, adat setempat dan tujuan penggunaannya. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar perbincangan lanjut dilakukan bagi memperjelaskan terminologi fiqh dan implikasinya terhadap produk berasaskan serangga dalam industri makanan moden.