International Seminar on Syariah and Law (INSLA)
International Seminar on Syariah and Law (INSLA) has been held by the Faculty of Syariah and Law (FSU), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) since 2010. To enhance its visibility and be globally recognised, INSLA E-Proceedings (compilation of the seminar papers) are now available online through this OJS publication system. INSLA E-Proceedings also publishes compilations of academic papers with special themes.
Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
THE EXCLUSION OF NICOTINE VAPE LIQUID FROM THE POISONS ACT 1952 (ACT 366): AN ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF MAQASID AL-SHARIAH
Recently, the government has decided to exclude nicotine liquid from the Poisons Act 1952 (Act 366). This exclusion has led to the widespread and uncontrolled production and usage of nicotine. The retail value of the vape industry in Malaysia has surged by approximately 53 percent from RM2.27 billion in 2019 to an estimated RM3.48 billion in 2023. This study aims to identify the background of the exclusion of nicotine liquid from the Poisons Act 1952 (Act 366) and analyse the perspectives of Maqasid Al-Shariah on this exclusion. To obtain data, this research takes a qualitative approach utilizing document analysis, library research and interviews. The study's findings indicate that the exemption of nicotine liquid from the Poisons Act 1952 (Act 366) contradicts with the principles of Maqasid Al-Shariah. It is crucial to emphasize education to enhance awareness that vaping is not a recreational alternative. Hence, every government decision or policy should be grounded in Maqasid Al-Shariah and Islamic principles. Further discussion and research about the exclusion of nicotine vape liquid from the Poisons Act 1952 (Act 366) from the perspectives of Maqasid Al-Shariah need to be conducted
Copyright (c) 2026 Ezza Nasyitah Sulaiman, Intan Nadia Ghulam Khan (Author)
ISTIBDAL IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE STUDY OF WAQF LAND ACQUISITION BY THE STATE AUTHORITIES IN KEDAH
This article explores the application of istibdal, a method of managing and preserving waqf (Islamic endowment) lands, particularly in the context of land acquisitions by state authorities in Kedah, Malaysia. It focuses on understanding istibdal from an Islamic perspective and investigating its practical use in the region. This research evaluates several instances of waqf land acquisition by state bodies, seen as permissible for public purposes, and how istibdal serves as a strategic approach to safeguard the continuous benefit of the waqf. Employing a qualitative methodology, data were sourced from an array of Islamic texts, legal documents, fatwas, and academic articles. A case study conducted at Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Kedah (MAIK) provided in-depth, specific insights. The findings underscore the significance of istibdal as an effective tool in managing waqf assets amidst state-level land development, contributing valuable knowledge to the field of Islamic asset management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Danial Haikal Mohamad Rudaini, Hussein `Azeemi Abdullah Thaidi (Author)
DECRIMINALIZING SUICIDE: A REVIEW WITH ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES
The recent decriminalization of suicide in Malaysia is the subject of this study, which specifically looks at it from an Islamic perspective. Using a qualitative research methodology, the study thoroughly reviews the literature, including both articles and research papers. The main objective is to identify obstacles and offer suggestions related to decriminalization. Religious perspectives and cultural implications are major areas of analysis. The goal of the study is to present a thorough grasp of the implications of decriminalizing suicide considering Islamic teachings. The research explores legal, cultural, and religious aspects while concentrating on barriers to implementing global policies and the stigma associated with mental illness that prevents people from seeking help. It makes suggestions for how Islamic organizations can actively address mental health issues in Malaysia and provides advice for helping those who suffer from mental illness that is based on Islamic principles. The expected results are intended to add to the conversation about mental health, Islamic perspectives, and international guidelines by offering sophisticated perspectives to researchers, policymakers, and Islamic organizations involved in these conversations. The study emphasizes how important it is for the Islamic community to work together to eliminate stigma and create a welcoming atmosphere for mental health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Putera Shazam Rasit, Asmidah Ahmad (Author)
THE USE OF NANOMATERIALS IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS ACCORDING TO THE SHARIA PERSPECTIVE
Nanocosmetics is a term that refers to cosmetic products that use nanomaterials or nanotechnology to enhance their performance and quality. However, some nanocosmetic products may contain ingredients that are questionable from an Islamic perspective, such as animal extracts and alcohol. This study aimed to understand the concept of nanocosmetics according to a scientific view and to examine the Islamic ruling on using such products, especially those that involve cosmetic treatments like powder embroidery. A qualitative research methodology was employed, using various sources from websites, books, journals, and articles. The results and discussion section covered the definitions of nanomaterial, cosmetic, and nanocosmetic, as well as the Sharia perspective on animal-based and alcohol-based cosmetic products. The study also analyzed the Sharia perspective on powder embroidery, which is a cosmetic treatment that uses nanomaterials to create semi-permanent makeup. The study found that powder embroidery is permissible if the treatment is done for medical reasons, such as to cover scars or skin diseases, and not to change one’s appearance. However, powder embroidery is prohibited if the treatment poses more harm than benefit to the consumer, such as causing infections, allergies, or pain. The study concluded that nanocosmetic products and treatments should be used with caution and awareness and that consumers should seek reliable and authentic information from Islamic scholars and experts before using them.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Adillah Sukri, Syahirah Abdul Shukor (Author)
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MAJLIS SULH IN SHARIAH JUDICIAL SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN SELANGOR
Sulh serves as a primary out-of-court dispute resolution mechanism designed to settle matrimonial conflicts without resorting to adversarial litigation. As a core component of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) under Islamic Family Law, the effective implementation of sulh has significantly contributed to mitigating court backlogs, notably addressing the 2,736 unresolved cases recorded in the Shariah Court from 2020 until September 30, 2021, while simultaneously reducing the judicial workload. This study outlines three primary objectives: first, to identify the conceptual foundations of sulh from an Islamic perspective; second, to examine its operational implementation within the state of Selangor; and third, to propose strategic recommendations positioning sulh as a premier mechanism to alleviate systemic case backlogs. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this study utilizes a case study design, extensive literature review of journals and textbooks, and semi-structured interviews with key judicial informants within the Selangor Shariah Court framework. The findings indicate that while the implementation of sulh in Selangor aligns closely with Islamic jurisprudential principles, its execution faces distinct institutional and operational challenges that must be addressed to maximize its efficacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Fatihah Mohamad Asri, Haliza A. Shukor (Author)
MARRIAGE DISSOLUTION BASED ON ISLAMIC LAW OF EVIDENCE IN TERENGGANU STATE: ANALYSIS OF BLACK MAGIC CASES
This article examines the procedural adjudication of divorce cases involving allegations of black magic (sihr) through the framework of Islamic evidentiary laws. Specifically, it focuses on how the Terengganu Syariah Court Evidence Enactment 2001 can serve as a legal mechanism to prove the existence of supernatural elements in matrimonial disputes. The study outlines four primary objectives: first, to elucidate classical and contemporary scholarly opinions regarding the validity of divorce under the influence of black magic; second, to identify the specific typologies of magic that frequently precipitate marital breakdown; third, to evaluate the evidentiary methods and procedures utilized to confirm such divorces based on the Enactment; and fourth, to analyze practical case applications within the Terengganu Syariah Court. Employing a qualitative methodology, data for this study was gathered through a comprehensive literature review of legal statutes, religious texts, scholarly jurisprudence, and relevant case laws. The findings demonstrate that under the Terengganu Syariah Court Evidence Enactment 2001, methods such as confession (iqrar), testamentary evidence (shahadah or bayyinah), expert opinions (ra'y al-khabir), and decisive oaths (yamin) can be systematically applied to substantiate claims of black magic. By analyzing landmark cases such as Nurhisam bin Johari v. Shamliza binti Shafie, this paper illustrates how these evidentiary principles are deployed in judicial practice to ensure fairness, clarity, and reliability in complex supernatural disputes. Ultimately, this research provides the Syariah judiciary with critical insights into optimizing Islamic evidence acts when handling matrimonial cases intertwined with magical elements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Asdaq Masyarie Mohd Ruzi, Wan Abdul Fattah Wan Ismail (Author)
MODERNISING SYARIAH CRIMINAL JUSTICE: THE IMPERATIVE OF DIGITAL FORENSIC SCIENCE AND EVIDENTIARY REFORM IN MALAYSIA
The rapid evolution of science and technology has fundamentally transformed the landscape of modern criminality, leading to a rise in cyber offences that challenge the traditional boundaries of the Malaysian Syariah criminal justice system. As criminal activities migrate to the digital realm, the reliance on conventional evidence is increasingly being supplemented by digital footprints. However, the integration of digital evidence faces significant hurdles, primarily due to the rigid requirements of classical evidentiary methods such as iqrar (confession) and shahadah (eyewitness testimony), which are often unattainable in anonymous virtual environments. Furthermore, the lack of standardised procedural guidelines for handling electronic data creates a legal lacuna that may jeopardize the admissibility of such evidence. This study therefore aims to evaluate the role and significance of digital forensics as a form of qarīnah muʻāșirah (contemporary circumstantial evidence) within the Syariah legal framework. Adopting a qualitative research design, this study utilises document analysis to examine relevant literature and legal texts. The gathered data is then analysed and presented through a thematic approach, categorising findings into key themes. The findings indicate that digital forensics, through rigorous processes such as cryptographic hashing and the “chain of custody”, provides a scientifically objective basis for proof that aligns with the Syariah principle of yaqin (certainty). The study highlights that the technical capabilities of modern forensic tools can effectively reconstruct digital events and establish intent (niyyah) in cyber-crimes. This research is significant as it provides a fundamental bridge between forensic science and Islamic jurisprudence, offering insights for policymakers to reform existing evidence laws. In sum, the recognition of digital forensics as a robust form of qarinah is essential to ensure that the Syariah courts remain dynamic, equitable, and responsive to the complexities of the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Seminar on Syariah and Law (INSLA)
THE MAPPING OF COVID-19 AS A NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUE
COVID-19 triggered different countries national plans of actions worldwide whilst these measures affecting their citizens and residents presumably within the boundaries of rule of law. The ruling governments respectively responded by implementing diverse health and legal measures with the aims of curbing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. This ranges from the closures of identified public places, wearing of marks and hand sanitisers, quarantine, social distancing, banning overseas travel, banning interstate travel, allowing work from home and a mixed of miscellaneous measures. Malaysia legalised its prevention and enforcement measuresmainly by virtue of the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Act 1988 (Act 342) togetherwith its newly imposed COVID-19 regulations and the Police Act 1967 (Act 344). Thesocial distancing measures and movement control order have emerged the be powerful measures in flattening the COVID-19 curve. The study attempts to unveil the understanding of COVID-19 as a nationalsecurity matter with the projection and trajectory for the benefit of public health and national security simultaneously within the scope and limits of Malaysia’s public health measures and prevention of diseases, in maintaining security and public order.This paper then suggesting a projection of COVID-19 and other future health crisis or pandemic as national security issues thus legalising the health, security,or emergency measures, either improvement on the existing laws or moving towards a more dynamic form of law in line with future unforeseeable threat and intervention. The Australia and Italy COVID-19 related laws are scrutinised with the hope that this study will provide a deeper understanding and provide legal solutions enabling countries facing future emergency or crisis issues regarding health, political, social, economic type of threat that could in turn affect national security.
Copyright (c) 2021 International Seminar on Syariah and Law (INSLA)
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF FORENSIC SCIENCE AND AL-QARINAHIN PROMINENT SHARIAH LITERATURE
Islamic law truly recognizes and appreciates the existence of science. This article explored the existence of forensic science elements in prominent shariah literature. The elements were existed to be integrated with the principles of evidence in Islam. Based on the reviews, prominent scholars views in al-qarīnahcan best be organised under the three themes namely; the admissibility of al-qarīnahon civil, ta‘zīr, and ḥudūdcases. In fact, that there are several literatures found to highlight the forensic science elements, but the discussion was very limited and unorganised. It is evident that the assimilation between science and Islam existed through the integration of forensic science and al-qarinah. These findings can become the foundation of further theory of forensic science admissibility in Islamic law. This study suggests more research to be conducted within a wider scope to explore more in this field.
AN ALTERNATIVE PATH TO PROSPERITY: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ON ISLAMIC THOUGHT IN REFORMATION ERA
This study is mainly based on concerns on the division in Islamic studies, especially the progress of Islamic thought in one side and the process of political democracy on the other side. In addition, there are limited sources which discuss the roles and contributions of Islam. Statesmanship by far is narrowly discussed in formulating typologies and dominantly conducted from cultural and security approaches. These approaches create ambiguous indicator on Islamic thoughts, and they lead to creating terminologies, like, moderate Islam or radical Islam. Studies conducted under these approaches tend to reduce and simplify thoughts’ complexity and dynamics in Islam. In order to understand the dynamics of Islamic thoughts and statesmanship in post-New Order era, an analysis needs to be administered in nationwide and worldwide contexts according to problem complexities. This study tries to explain the logical processes on Islamic thoughts among FPI, MMI, and HTI in responding political and process of democracy in Reformation era. Furthermore, the study aims to explain the underlying reasons among FPI, MMI, and HTI in offering Islamic thoughts which mainly rely on formal-legal sharia. Framework used in this study aims to integrate internal-cultural-theological and political viewpoints to socio- historical perspective with economic-politics analysis. In this sense, state fully realizes that its citizens deserve their roles and rights in contemporary way. Idea on implementing Islamic state is a discursive strategy, response, and resistance movement to state’s authoritarian system and manipulative conducts in politics, social, and economic. The results indicate that FPI, MMI, and HTI find it essential that state and day-to-day life are in Islamic teachings’ corridor. Furthermore, the thought is one of the few options available in preparing for a prospective change. In the context of changing relation between citizens and state in post New Order era, responses appeared along the process become parts of Indonesian Muslims’ dynamics and principles in realizing their rights, in the midst of democracy waves.
THE CONCEPT OF WHIPING PUNISHMENT ACCORDING TO SHARA’AND ISLAMIC LAW IN THE STATE OF JOHOR
Whipping is a form of punishment that has its own meaning. Provisions of Islamic law related towhipping have been stated in the Syariah Criminal Offenses Enactment 1997 and the Syariah Criminal Procedure (State of Johor) Enactment 2003. This paper aims to discuss the definition of whipping according to Islamic and legal perspectives. This discussion focuses on whipping based on the Quran, al-Hadith and the views of the fuqaha 'as well as sharia criminal law in the State of Johor. The methodology used in this study is a literature review that is the analysis of documents such as the Quran, al-Hadith,books and articles, journals and related laws. The results of the study found that there is the concept of whipping in Islamic law and the views of the fuhaqa as well as Islamic criminal law in Islamic courts in the state of Johor. Abstrak Hukuman sebat adalah salah satu bentuk hukuman yang mempunyai pengertian yang tersendiri. Peruntukan perundangan Islam berkaitan hukuman sebat telah dinyatakan di dalam Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah 1997 dan Enakmen Tatacara Jenayah Syariah (Negeri Johor) 2003. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan membincangkan definisi sebat menurut perspektif Islam dan undang-undang. Perbincangan ini memfokuskan kepada hukuman sebat berdasarkan al-Quran, al-Hadith dan pandangan para fuqaha’ serta undang-undang jenayah syariah di Negeri Johor. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah kajian kepustakaan iaitu analisis dokumen seperti al-Quran, al-Hadith, kitab-kitab dan artikel-artikel, jurnal-jurnal serta undang-undang yang berkaitan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat konsep sebat dalam hukum syarak dan pandangan para fuhaqa serta undang-undang jenayah syariah di mahkamah syariah di negeri Johor.
DARJAH PEMBUKTIAN BAGI KESALAHAN HUDUD DI BAWAH ENAKMEN JENAYAH SYARIAH DI MALAYSIA:YAQINATAU ZAN AL-GHALIB?
Fair sentence calls for credible evidence and proof. Discussion on evidence always revolves on burden and standard of proof. Standard of proof is important in every Syariah criminal trial because the accurate adoption of standard of proof guarantees dispensation ultimate justice. Failure to adopt the correct standard of proof will cause injustice to the parties involved. This article is intended to examine the standard of proof aspect in relation to hudud offences under syariah law and analyse that aspect under the syariah criminal jurisdiction in this country. This research also intends to propose few identified solutions to the issue at hand. This research stands on qualitative legal research methodology. The data and information are obtained through interviews and documentations of reported and unreported cases. Subsequently all data are analysed through the critical content analysis methodology. The research outcome indicates that there are loopholes in the law relating to standard of proof applicable to criminal syariah offences in this country. Hence there are two approaches adopted, either yaqinor zan al-Ghalib. The different approaches are results of incoherent treatment towards the status of hudud offence under the present law, whether it shall remain as hudud offences or be treated as takzir. The differing view crystalizes a presence of inconsistent thoughts and practices. Therefore, this research proposes to adopt zan al-Ghalibas the standard of proof for hudud offences under the Syariah Criminal Enactments in this country to ensure integrated thoughts and uniform practice. Abstrak Hukuman yang adil memerlukan kepada pembuktian dan keterangan yang kukuh.Perbincangan berhubung pembuktian adalah tidak lari daripada menyentuh aspek beban dan darjah pembuktian. Darjah pembuktian amat penting dalam sesuatu perbicaraan kes jenayah syariah kerana pemakaian terhadap darjah pembuktian yang tepat menjamin keadilanyang sebenar. Kegagalan menggunapakai darjah pembuktian yang diperlukan boleh mengakibatkan berlakunya ketidakadilan kepada pihak-pihak yang terlibat. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek darjah pembuktian berkaitan kes-kesalahan hudud menurut hukum syarak seterusnya menganalisis aspek tersebut di bawah bidang kuasa jenayah syariah di negara ini. Kajian ini juga berhasrat mengemukakan cadangan penyelesaian terhadap isu yang dikenalpasti. Kajian ini berdiri di atas kerangka kajian perundangan secara kualitatif. Data serta maklumat diperolehi melalui temu bual dan dokumentasi termasuklah kes-kes yang dilaporkan dan tidak dilaporkan. Kesemua data kemudiannya dianalisis menerusi metodologi analisis kandungan secara kritis. Hasil kajian mendapati wujudkelompangan undang-undang berkaitan darjah pembuktian kes jenayah syariah di negara ini. Oleh yang demikian, terdapat dua pendekatan yang telah digunakaniaitu sama ada menerusi pemakaian yaqinatau zan al-Ghalib. Perbezaan pandangan ini terhasil berikutan pendapat yang diberikan sama ada kesalahan hudud di bawah undang-undang sedia ada kekal merupakan kesalahan hudud atau di bawah kesalahan takzir. Perbezaan pandangan ini menunjukkan kepada pandangan dan amalan yang tidak seragam. Justeru, penulisan ini mencadangkan agar pemakaian zan al-Ghalibsebagai darjah pembuktian bagi kes-kesalahan hudud di bawah Enakmen Jenayah Syariah di negara ini sekaligus perbezaan pandangan yang berlaku dapat dimuktamadkan dan diseragamkan.
صحة النكاح بالتقنيات المعاصرة عبر تيليكو فرانس في جائحة كوفيد-١٩
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world. The pandemic causes humans to reduce their direct interaction. People during this pandemic use the internet connected to contemporary electronic devices to fulfill their basic needs with greater intensity. This technology serves to solve problems of time, distance, and geographic boundaries. This technology also contributes to the development of interaction mechanisms or models that previously could only be done by meeting two people directly to carry out aqad. One of them is a marriage contract using teleconferencing or video calls made by some people during the COVID-19 pandemic.This paper aims to determine the validity of the marriage contract which is carried out using teleconferencing technology. The method used is literature study by linking this issue with the facts that occur and how technology is applied in the context of this discussion. The effort in this study was carried out to make conclusions based on deepening the facts of the technology used by linking the opinions of the scholars regarding this issue.Basically the marriage contract occurs according to our understanding so far, namely the presence of both parties who carry out the contract, or who represent both or one of the two. Then the consent and qabul were carried out by the presence of two witnesses and being able to identify with certainty the two parties who made the contract in one council. Whereas if the contract occurs through teleconference which does not collect the contract actors and witnesses, then basically the contract is prohibited which results in the invalidity of the marriage contract that occurs. This is because this case is built on the basis of dhan (mere allegation) and is not a sure thing, because a process like this can be entered into by falsification and fraudthrough applications that can change sounds and images, as well as sometimes it is sometimes difficult to detect the perpetrators of the contract.Whereas if one of the actors of the contract is in a special situation that prevents him/her from attending,whereas previously there has been an agreement between the two parties where the guardian and the witness have seen the details of the groom and at the time of the teleconference, they can identify him/her with certainty without any doubt, then in this situation marriage by means of teleconferencing is permitted and legally valid.Teleconferencing is a tool. The Ushul rule states that the law of the tool or facility follows the basic law. If the facility fulfills the pillars and conditions, then the marriage contract is valid, otherwise the marriage is invalid. ملخص البحث جائحة كورونا كوفيد-19قد سادت العالم بأكملها في وقتنا الحاضر،مما أجبر الناس بها أن لا يتعاملوا بشكل مباشر، فلجئو افي معاملتهم الطبيعية الضرورية إلى كثرة استخدام الإنترنتبالأجهزة المعاصرة التي قد تجاوز الأبعاد المكانية والزمانية، والحدود الجغرافية، ما أرصدت في تقريب البعيد واختصار المسافات، وساعدت في عمليات إجراء العقود وتطورها التي كانت تعقد في مجلس واحد بين المتعاقدين عن طريق تلاقي الأبدان والاجتماع، و مما أجرى بعض الناس به وسط الجائحة الوبائية عقد النكاح بتيليكو فرانس.والبحث يهدف إلىمعرفة مدى صحة عقد النكاح الذي يعقد بتيليكو فرانس، وذلك عن طريق الدراسة المكتبية مع ربطها بالواقع ورصد التقني فيه فنا؛ كي تظهر النتيجة بعد نظر دقيق فيهوما قال الفقهاء عنه.الأصل في عقد النكاح أن يكون كما هو المعروف المعتادة من حضور طرفي العقد أو من يوكل عنهما أو أحدهما، وإجراء الإيجاب والقبول بحضور شاهدين ومعاينة العاقدين في مجلس واحد. أما لو تم العقد بتيليكو فرانسالذي لا يجتمع فيه العاقدان والشاهدان، فالأصل فيه المنع فأدى إلى عدم صحة عقد النكاح به؛ لأن الأمر غير مقطوع به وقائم على الظن، لإمكان دخول التزييف والتدليس بالبرامج المختلفة التي يمكن بها أن تغير وتحرف الأصوات والصورة، مضافا إلى صعوبة تعيين المتعاقدين فيه.أما إن كان أحد المتعاقدين له ظروف خاصة تمنعه من الحضور، وقد سبق الاتفاق بينهما، وقد رأى الولي والشاهدان الزوج بالمعاينة، وانتهى الأمر إلى القطع أو اليقين، فيجوز أن يجري هذا العقد، و يصح.والخلاصة ما فيه أن تيليكو فرانس مجرد وسيلة ،والقاعدة تقول: حكم الوسائل حكم المقاصد، فإذا كانت هذه الوسيلة تحققت بها الأركان والشروط فصح العقد وإلا فل
SHARED PARENTING VS SOLE CUSTODY IN MALAYSIAN SHARIAH COURTS: LESSONS FROM COVID-19
When it comes to child custody, the predominant standard practised by Malaysian Shariah Courts has always been the best interest of the child. Aside from specific conditions, the custodianship is often granted to the mother. The non-custodial parent, often being the father, is generally given visitation and overnight rights by the court while carrying the duty for child maintenance despite his limited rights. With the global outbreak of Covid-19, family institutions are greatly affected physically, mentally, and financially. The untimely separation of children from their parents under child custody cases raises the question of whether these children's rights are rightfully attended to or not. According to UNICEF, among the children who are profoundly affected by Covid-19 are single-parent children and female-headed households. The situation becomes dire as the consequences of Covid-19 continue to influence the care and child maintenance of a divorcee's child. Hence, this article aims to propose shared parenting as an alternative to ensure child's rights are cared for considering Shariah Courts have no explicit jurisdiction to order for joint custody. Through a doctrinal approach and library research, this article examines the concepts of shared parenting as an 'evolution' to joint custody. The article also discusses prospective benefits and challenges of implementing the idea of shared parenting in Shariah Courts. In conclusion, emphasis on the significance of shared parenting is highlighted as the best and fair solution to attain the best interests of a child at the same time promoting amicable relationships and understanding between divorced couples.
PERANAN MAJLIS AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI JOHOR SEMASA PERINTAH KAWALAN PERGERAKAN (PKP) AKIBAT PANDEMIK COVID-19
The Johor State Islamic Religious Council (MAIJ) was established on 1925 under the authority of Part IV, Chapter XV, Board of Regulations for the Rule of the King. There are initial functions and main functions for MAIJ. MAIJ's initial function was to manage religious affairs, provide advice on the King's customs, provide lessons / education to the King's relatives and manage the welfare of the Muslim community. Meanwhile, its main function is to manage and administer the Group of Zakat & Fitrah Fund (Kumpulan Wang Zakat & Fitrah) and distribute the fund according to asnaf, manage and administer the Fund / Baitulmal Property and the Wakaf Fund as a Wakaf Trustee. This article aims to analyze the types of assistance and contributions due to Covid-19 pandemic during the Movement Control Order (MCO) on 18 March 2020 to 31 March 2020 organized by the Johor Islamic Religious Council. This study is a qualitative study with content analysis design. The results show that the Johor Islamic Religious Council provides assistance to people in need with a set amount along with the number of recipients to be in line with the budget. This study lists the types of donations along with the amount of aid money as a reference for recipients during the period of the Movement Control Order (MCO) Abstrak Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Johor (MAIJ) telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 1925 di bawah kuatkuasa Bahagian IV, Bab XV, Lembaga Aturan Bagi Pemerintahan Raja. Terdapat fungsi awal dan fungsi utama bagi MAIJ. Fungsi awal MAIJ ialah menguruskan hal ehwal agama, memberi khidmat nasihat mengenai adat istiadat Raja, memberi pelajaran / pendidikan kepada kerabat Di Raja dan menguruskan kebajikan masyarakat Islam. Manakala, fungsi utamanya ialah menguruskan dan mentadbir Kumpulan Wang Zakat & Fitrah dan mengagihkan mengikut asnaf, mengurus dan mentadbir Kumpulan Wang / Harta Baitulmal dan Kumpulan Wang Wakaf sebagai Pemegang Amanah Wakaf. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis bantuan dan sumbangan Covid-19 sepanjang Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) 18 Mac 2020 hingga 31 Mac 2020 yang dianjurkan oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Johor. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitif dengan reka bentuk analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Johor memberi bantuan kepada orang yang memerlukan dengan jumlah yang ditetapkan beserta jumlah penerima supaya selaras dengan belanjawan. Kajian ini menyenaraikan jenis sumbangan beserta jumlah wang bantuan sebagai rujukan untuk penerima sepanjang tempoh Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP)
Copyright (c) 2020 International Seminar on Syariah and Law (INSLA)
REINTERPRETATION TO BALANCE IN INHERITANCE DISTRIBUTION ON BILATERAL KINSHIP IN ACEH
The study aims at describing inheritance distribution among Acehnese, balance in inheritance distribution, and reinterpretation to balance in inheritance distribution in a society with bilateral kinship system. This research is a normative research with a juridical approach, with a focus on studies in three locations; Pidie, North Aceh and South Aceh, with primary and secondary data sources, then analyzed descriptive analytic. The results indicate that inheritance law among Acehnese is mainly based on faraid (inheritance distribution) law. Nevertheless, in its development and implementation, there are cases in which the distribution is a result of familial agreement. In general, both male and female heirs have the same rights in inheritance distribution—a common character in bilateral kinship. In the distribution of assets, it was found that Hareuta Peunulang's assets were found, these assets could later be counted as an inheritance. In Acehnese perspective especially in South Aceh, local tradition can decide the position of inheritance and the role of ninik mamak (respected elders), similar to Minangkabau’s tradition which adheres to matrilineal kinship. It indicates a tendency among Acehnese to adopt matrilineal system, even though it mainly relies on bilateral system. In maqasid sharia’s viewpoint, waqf aims at preserving the wellbeing of waqif’s offspring. Acehnese inheritance law is actually in-line with Aristotle's Theory of Justice, in which fairness is a situation where people should apply rules the same and treat similar cases alike.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SECURE LAND TENURE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAQASID AS-SHARIAH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Land represents one of the key resources of wealth for a country with economic, social and environmental dimension. Inevitably, security of land tenure and dealings is vital in managing land resources as a trust from the Almighty to humankind. In view of this, Islam considers protection of property and wealth as one of the five fundamentals of shariah or the maqasid as-shariah. Similarly, the significance of secure land tenure for sustainable development has been acknowledged by the United Nations. This paper seeks to examine the advantages of safeguarding land tenure to the economic and social well-being as well as repercussions from failure to uphold the same particularly in facing the pandemic of covid-19. The research employs doctrinal approach. The findings of this paper suggest that the government has to play proactive role in ensuring land tenure and dealings are guaranteed and protected by enhancing the legislative framework of land administration system in Malaysia.
KEPENTINGAN PENGURUSAN HARTA DAN URUS PUSAKA DI MALAYSIA DARI PERSPEKTIF PERUNDANGAN DAN MAQASID SYARIAH
This article discusses the importance of administration of estates from legal and Maqasid Syariah perspectives. The current facts show high numbers of deceased estates worth millions of ringgit that are not properly managed, and this scenario could lead to inefficacy in helping the economic growth of the country. Fraud cases involving estates that are also frequently highlighted in the mass media indicates low level of public awareness in understanding the importance of estates administration. The research methodology involves literature studies, relevant articles, library research, expert’s opinion from related government and non-governmental agencies. All the inputs are gathered in outlining practical solutions to the highlighted issues that are in line with the requirements of Maqasid Syariah in preserving property. Abstrak Artikel ini membincangkan kepentingan mengurus harta dan urus pusaka dari perspektif perundangan dan Maqasid Syariah. Fakta menunjukkan bahawa terdapat sejumlah harta peninggalan si mati yang bernilai jutaan ringgit terabai dan tidak diuruskan secara baik. Hal ini turut menyumbang kepada lambakan harta pusaka yang tidak bernilai dan bermanfaat kepada ahli keluarga atau waris. Harta pusaka yang tidak diuruskan secara baik ini turut dilihat sebagai tidak mampu menyumbang kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara. Di samping itu, terdapat isu-isu penipuan harta pusaka yang sering dibangkitkan di media massa yang merupakan indikasi tahap kesedaran yang rendah dalam memahami akan kepentingan pengurusan harta termasuk harta pusaka. Selain daripada kajian literatur, penulisan ahli akademik berkaitan, kajian kepustakaan, kajian melalui pengalaman agensi kerajaan dan bukan kerajaan yang menguruskan harta pusaka telah dilaksanakan dalam menggariskan beberapa solusi yang praktikal dan cadangan pengurusan harta pusaka yang bertepatan dengan kehendak Maqasid Syariah dalam memelihara harta.
HANDLING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PERPETRATOR FROM LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
In Malaysia, Domestic Violence Act 1984 is a piece of legislation that can provide civil protection in a domestic setting. When a case of abuse is committed by a perpetrator to one of the family members, this law may apply. This paper discusses the extent to which the Domestic Violence Act can provide protection to the victim as well as prevent the perpetrator from further harassing or abusing the victim. It also elaborates on the insight relating to the law on handling the perpetrator of domestic violence. It discusses the protection orders available for victims in order to safeguard themselves from further abuse and violence of the perpetrator. The recently developed Domestic Violence (Amendment) Act 2017 is referred for this purpose.
WHAT THE WORLD CAN TEACH MALAYSIA IN BUILDING BETTER CHILD CARE SETTINGS
This paper analyses the international experiences of various jurisdictions that may be taken as lessons for Malaysia. The discussion touches on the feasibility of making international comparisons in child care settings, in order to enhance the quality of child care settings in terms of laws and regulations. Experiences from other countries are scrutinised here in order to take lessons from these countries. Looking into child care in the prisms of international perspectives will assist Malaysia in improving and developing the Malaysian child care, specifically on laws and regulations. The paper aims to present experiences from other countries, which can be a valuable reference for Malaysia to work on improving the Malaysian child care legislative framework.
THE NEW NORMS FOR HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TIME OF COVID-19: MALAYSIAN LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
Many countries, including Malaysia, have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic which was newly discovered at the end of 2019. Malaysia is taking steps to enforce Movement Control Order starting March 2020 and, the latest is the enforcement of the Recovery Movement Control Order until the end of this year. Covid-19 poses new challenges to waste management whereby a failure in managing wastes in the time of facing this pandemic will cause adverse effects on public safety and health as well as the environment. Hence, the relevant authorities and the public should manage waste carefully and effectively. The households may generate household hazardous solid waste such as contaminated face masks or other household solid wastes during the pandemic which must be properly disposed of. By employing a library research method and interview, this paper discusses from the legal perspective, the new norms for household solid waste management in the time of Covid-19. The findings seem to suggest that the new norms in respect of the household are seen in terms of the increased practice of 3R and separation of waste and the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures in managing household solid waste by the relevant authorities. It is recommended that households should be provided with a comprehensive guideline on household solid waste management during the pandemic of Covid-19.
HALAL INDUSTRY AND ISLAMIC FINANCE INSTITUTION’S ROLE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Halal industry can be defined as goods and services that follow the Shariah rules or Islamic-law guidelines from the start until the end of the process include pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, services like transportation and logistics, banking and finance. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions and opinion on dealing with issues and challenges in halal industry as well as to determine the issues and challenges in halal industry and to know the role of Islamic finance institution to enhance halal industry. This study utilised qualitative method by using document analysis and interview instruments to gain related information. The results of this study show that Islamic finance institution brings big responsibility in the development of halal industry because there are many products of Islamic finance institution that can be used in the halal industry like mudharabah,musharakah, salam,and tawarruq. Thus, with the combination of both of this sector will help the growth of economy mostly for Muslim. This paper determine the issues and challenges facing by halal industry as well as its suggestions on dealing with the issues and identifying the role of Islamic finance institution in the growth of halal industry, like tawarruq which will open the door for investor from Muslim and non-Muslim to invest in the halal industry, which the financial system is complying with Shariah and halal ecosystem will be created.
PENDAPATAN GARIS KEMISKINAN (PGK) 2019 DAN HAD KIFAYAH MAIWP: SATU TINJAUAN PERBANDINGAN
On July 2020, Malaysia announced the new level of Poverty Line Income (PLI) 2019 to RM2208 as compared to RM980 a month which has been used since 2005. This newly revised PLI is expected to increase the national level of poverty rate and cause changes in threshold value of aid agencies including zakat institutions.This paper generally look into the comparison of the elements within PLI 2019 and MAIWP’s Had Kifayah by using the library research method. It is found that, eventhough the number of dimensions or components in both PLI and Had Kifayah are different, both share the main goal which is to enable households to achieve a minimum standard of living or a decent life. The threshold level set by PLI and the MAIWP’s Had Kifayah also does not prevent households from getting any aids from relevant agencies if they eligible for that. Based on discussion of this paper, MAIWP is recommended to also review its threshold of Had Kifayah so that it will in line with PGK 2019 on the basis of current living cost. Abstrak Pada Julai 2020, Malaysia telah mengumumkan semakan semula Pendapatan Garis Kemiskian (PGK) 2019 kepada para RM2208 sebulan berbanding RM980 yang telah digunakan sejak 2005. Paras terbaharu ini dijangka memberi impak dari segi peningkatan kadar kemiskinan nasionaldan perubahan kepada nilai ambang agensi-agensi pemberi bantuan termasuklah institusizakat. Makalah ini secara umumnya bertujuan untuk melihat perbandingan elemen-elemen yang dikirakan dalam PGK 2019 dan Had Kifayah MAIWP dalam menangani kemiskinan. Perbandingan ini dikajimelalui kaedah kajian kepustakaan. Didapati bahawa, biarpun bilangan dimensi atau komponen dalam kedua-kedua PGK dan had kifayah berbeza, namun kedua-duanya berkongsi matlamatsatuutama iaitu untuk membolehkan isirumah mencapai satu taraf hidup minimum yang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat setempat atau satu kehidupan wajar.Paras yang ditetapkan oleh PGK dan HadKifayah MAIWPjugatidak menghalang sesebuah isirumah untuk mendapatkan bantuan daripada agensi yang berkaitan sekiranya layak.Berdasarkan perbincangan kertas ini juga,disarankan bahawa had kifayah MAIWP untuk disemak semula selari dengan PGK 2019 berdasarkan kos sara hidup semasa.
JURISDICTIONAL CONFLICTS IN FACING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: AN ANALYSIS OF HIBAH CASES IN NEGERI SEMBILAN SYARIAH COURTS
In 2020, statistic reveals that a total number of 30 hibah cases have been registered in the Negeri Sembilan Syariah Courts. Interestingly, the total number of cases registered this year has decreased as compared to 51 cases for the previous year. This study analyses on the jurisdictions of the Syariah Courts in deciding hibah cases in Negeri Sembilan by taking into a consideration the recent outbreak of Covid-19. This study investigates the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the number of hibah cases brought before the Syariah Courts in the state of Negeri Sembilan. For this purpose, this study applies a doctrinal legal approach where the data collection is based on a library-based research and the statistical data collected from Negeri Sembilan Syariah Courts. Analysis was done on several important cases concerning the jurisdiction of the courts. This study discovers that the Covid-19 pandemic has an effect on the number of registered and resolved cases pertaining to hibah in Negeri Sembilan Syariah Courts. This study recommends that electronic method such as e-proceeding to be fully implemented so as to enable the public to access the court easily. It is hoped that findings of this study will shed light on the issue of jurisdictions concerning hibah and beneficial in providing clear and precise information on the jurisdiction of the Syariah Courts in deciding hibah matters.
SOROTAN LITERATUR KAJIAN PENENTUAN LIABILITI PEMBEKAL DAN PESAKIT DALAM RAWATAN BEKAM DARI PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH DAN UNDANG-UNDANG
The practice of traditional medicine has been in existence since time memorial and also one of the practices which had been practiced by our Prophet (p.b.u.h.). Various writings have been done related to cupping from the religious point of view. Meanwhile, there are various writings on the legal aspects of the treatment of traditional medicine in developed countries such as The United States of America, United Kingdom, and Australia. Still, there is no extensive study on the legal aspects of traditional medicine treatment in Malaysia,especially on cupping from the Syariah and legal perspective. This literature review analyses the critical literature related to the study of determining the provider’s liability in cupping treatment. This article used the library method and textual documents. This study found a gap in the determination of liability and the existence of such guidelines will protect the service providers of cupping if any negligence or incidents happen during the cupping treatment. This paper suggests that further research will be done to refine this matter. It is essential to all practitioners and patients receiving cupping therapy, whether in Syariah and legal perspective. Abstrak Amalan perubatan telah wujud sejak zaman-berzaman termasuklah bekam merupakan salah satu amalan yang telah diamalkan oleh Rasulullah (s.a.w.). Pelbagai penulisan yang telah dijalankan berkaitan bekam dari sudut pandangan agama Islam. Negara-negara maju seperti Amerika Syarikat, United Kingdom dan Australia telah mempunyai pelbagai panduan dari segi aspek perundangan perubatan tradisional. Namun, masih belum ada lagi kajian yang menyeluruh mengenai aspek perundangan Syariah dan sivil bagi rawatan bekam. Sorotan keperpustakaan ini merujuk kepada aspek perundangan mengenai amalan bekam dari perspektif Syariah dan undang-undang. Sorotan ini menganalisis literatur-literatur penting berkaitan kajian penentuan liabiliti pembekam dalam rawatan bekam. Sorotan ini telah menggunakan kaedah kajian kepustakaan dan juga dokumentasi. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat kelompongan dalam penentuan liabiliti dan pewujudan garis panduan tersebut akan melindungi penyedia perkhidmatan bekam sekiranya sebarang kemalangan berlaku. Makalah ini mencadangkan agar kajian lanjutan dilakukan bagi memperhalusi perkara ini. Ia penting agar kepentingan semua pihak, pemberi dan penerima khidmat bekam dapat dijaga, sama ada dari perspektif Syariah dan juga undang-undang.
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA: SAFEGUARDING CITIZENS' CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE OF A PANDEMIC
Since the coronavirus's announcementthat COVID-19 is a pandemic, there are concerns that this coronavirus pandemic will hurtall human life sectors. The health and economic sectors are the most vital, causing many countries worldwideto experience outbreaks,andit is difficult to avoid them. Many countries are not ready to face this pandemic, resultingin more casualties and an economic recession. However, amid the outbreak, it turns out that there is still a country that can survive,and one of the factors that cause this country to survive is law enforcement.The process is carried out optimally and is supported by law enforcement officials who are also professional, independent and with integrity. In this study, the author will discuss the extent to which the Indonesian Constitutional Court's roleas the guardian of the constitution in safeguarding the constitutional rights of Indonesian citizens and providing legal certainty amid a pandemic.